![]() ![]() Other techniques are either discussed elsewhere ( e.g., UV in Chromatography) or fall outside the scope of this edition of the Orange Book. These Recommendations are limited to three basic forms of spectroscopy used in analytical chemistry, namely, nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational spectroscopy, and atomic spectroscopy. The same holds for VIM terms, although these are marked with the VIM entry number, e.g., measurement principle, because the definition is not reproduced here.įundamental terms are taken from the Green Book and other IUPAC Recommendations with no change or with minor changes in formatting. Within a given entry, terms referring to other concepts defined in these Recommendations appear in italics on first use. Additionally, the document the information is taken from is stated as “Source” using the respective reference number ( e.g., for the third edition of the Orange Book). The output of a spectrometer is referred to as a spectrum and can be used for both qualitative and quantitative purposes.įollowing VIM and present IUPAC format, the concept entries of these Recommendations provide the term(s), the definition, and explanations by examples and notes. Spectroscopic methods in Analytical Chemistry involve measurements of the frequency and intensity of electromagnetic radiation emitted, absorbed, or reflected as a consequence of transitions between different energy states within the nucleus, atom, or molecule. Spectral measuring instruments are referred to as spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs, or spectral analysers. Spectroscopy, spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and spectrography are terms used to refer to the measurement of radiation intensity as a function of frequency or wavelength and are often used to describe experimental spectroscopic methods. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopyĮlectron spin resonance, microwave spectroscopy Molecular vibrations: stretching and deformations Spectral regionĪpproximate wavelength (wavenumber) rangeĮxcitation of valence electrons molecular vibrational overtones
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